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Note the use of

  • 1 Usage note : the

    In French, determiners agree in gender and number with the noun they precede ; the is translated by le + masculine singular noun ( le chien), by la + feminine singular noun ( la chaise), by l’ + masculine or feminine singular noun beginning with a vowel or mute ‘h’ (l’auteur, l’homme, l’absence, l’histoire) and by les + plural noun (les hommes, les femmes).
    When the is used after a preposition in English, the two words (prep + the) are often translated by one word in French. If the preposition would normally be translated by de in French (of, about, from etc.) the prep + the is translated by du + masculine noun ( du chien), by de la + feminine noun ( de la femme), by de l’ + singular noun beginning with a vowel or mute ‘h ’ (de l’auteur, de l’histoire) and by des + plural noun (des hommes, des femmes). If the preposition would usually be translated by à (at, to etc.) the prep + the is translated according to the number and gender of the noun, by au ( au chien), à la ( à la femme), à l’ (à l’enfant), aux (aux hommes, aux femmes).
    Other than this, there are few problems in translating the into French.
    The following cases are, however, worth remembering as not following exactly the pattern of the English:
    the good, the poor etc.
    = les bons, les pauvres etc.
    Charles the First, Elizabeth the Second etc.
    = Charles Premier, Elizabeth Deux etc.
    she’s THE violinist of the century
    = c’est LA violoniste du siècle or c’est la plus grande violoniste du siècle
    the Tudors, the Batemans etc.
    = les Tudor, les Bateman etc.
    For expressions such as the more, the better, see the entry the.
    This dictionary contains usage notes on such topics as weight measurement, days of the week, rivers, illnesses, aches and pains, the human body, and musical instruments, many of which use the.
    For other particular usages of the see the entry the.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : the

  • 2 חִיוְּרַיִן (also חיור יין) pr. n. pl. Ḥivvaryayin. Ḥivvrayin.חֲמַר ח׳ name of a wine of inferior quality and color, cmp. בָּרַק. B. Bath.97b חמר חיוריין מהו (Ms. H. חיור יין, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 20) how about the use of Ḥ. wine for religious purposes?Kerith. 6a חמר חיור יין עתיק old Ḥ. wine (

    חִיוָּרִיּתָאv. חִיוָּר.

    Jewish literature > חִיוְּרַיִן (also חיור יין) pr. n. pl. Ḥivvaryayin. Ḥivvrayin.חֲמַר ח׳ name of a wine of inferior quality and color, cmp. בָּרַק. B. Bath.97b חמר חיוריין מהו (Ms. H. חיור יין, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 20) how about the use of Ḥ. wine for religious purposes?Kerith. 6a חמר חיור יין עתיק old Ḥ. wine (

  • 3 The days of the week

    Note that French uses lower-case letters for the names of days ; also, French speakers normally count the week as starting on Monday.
    Write the names of days in full ; do not abbreviate as in English (Tues, Sat and so on). The French only abbreviate in printed calendars, diaries etc.
    Monday
    = lundi
    Tuesday
    = mardi
    Wednesday
    = mercredi
    Thursday
    = jeudi
    Friday
    = vendredi
    Saturday
    = samedi
    Sunday
    = dimanche
    What day is it?
    (Lundi in this note stands for any day ; they all work the same way ; for more information on dates in French ⇒ Date.)
    what day is it?
    = quel jour sommes-nous? or (very informally) on est quel jour?
    it is Monday
    = nous sommes lundi
    today is Monday
    = c’est lundi aujourd’hui
    Note the use of French le for regular occurrences, and no article for single ones. (Remember: do not translate on.)
    on Monday
    = lundi
    on Monday, we’re going to the zoo
    = lundi, on va au zoo
    I’ll see you on Monday morning
    = je te verrai lundi matin
    but
    on Mondays
    = le lundi
    on Mondays, we go to the zoo
    = le lundi, on va au zoo
    I see her on Monday mornings
    = je la vois le lundi matin
    Specific days
    Monday afternoon
    = lundi après-midi
    one Monday evening
    = un lundi soir
    that Monday morning
    = ce lundi matin-là
    last Monday night
    = la nuit de lundi dernier or (if evening) lundi dernier dans la soirée
    early on Monday
    = lundi matin de bonne heure
    late on Monday
    = lundi soir tard
    this Monday
    = ce lundi
    that Monday
    = ce lundi-là
    that very Monday
    = précisément ce lundi-là
    last Monday
    = lundi dernier
    next Monday
    = lundi prochain
    the Monday before last
    = l’autre lundi
    a month from Monday
    = dans un mois lundi
    in a month from last Monday
    = dans un mois à dater de lundi dernier
    finish it by Monday
    = termine-le avant lundi
    from Monday on
    = à partir de lundi
    Regular events
    every Monday
    = tous les lundis
    each Monday
    = chaque lundi
    every other Monday
    = un lundi sur deux
    every third Monday
    = un lundi sur trois
    Sometimes
    most Mondays
    = presque tous les lundis
    some Mondays
    = certains lundis
    on the second Monday in the month
    = le deuxième lundi de chaque mois
    the odd Monday or the occasional Monday
    = le lundi de temps en temps
    Happening etc. on that day
    Monday’s paper
    = le journal de lundi or de ce lundi
    the Monday papers
    = les journaux du lundi
    Monday flights
    = les vols du lundi
    the Monday flight
    = le vol du lundi
    Monday closing (of shops)
    = la fermeture du lundi
    Monday’s classes
    = les cours de lundi or de ce lundi
    Monday classes
    = les cours du lundi
    Monday trains
    = les trains du lundi

    Big English-French dictionary > The days of the week

  • 4 The human body

    When it is clear who owns the part of the body mentioned, French tends to use the definite article where English uses a possessive adjective:
    he raised his hand
    = il a levé la main
    she closed her eyes
    = elle a fermé les yeux
    Note, for instance, the use of la and mon here:
    she ran her hand over my forehead
    = elle a passé la main sur mon front
    For expressions such as he hurt his foot or she hit her head on the beam, where the owner of the body part is the subject of the verb, i.e. the person doing the action, use a reflexive verb in French:
    she has broken her leg
    = elle s’est cassé la jambe
    ( literally she has broken to herself the leg - there is no past participle agreement because the preceding reflexive pronoun se is the indirect object).
    he was rubbing his hands
    = il se frottait les mains
    she was holding her head
    = elle se tenait la tête
    Note also the following:
    she broke his leg
    = elle lui a cassé la jambe
    ( literally she broke to him the leg)
    the stone split his lip
    = le caillou lui a fendu la lèvre
    ( literally the stone split to him the lip)
    Describing people
    For ways of saying how tall someone is ⇒ Length measurement ; of stating someone’s weight ⇒ Weight measurement ; and of talking about the colour of hair and eyes ⇒ Colours.
    Here are some ways of describing people in French:
    his hair is long
    = il a les cheveux longs
    he has long hair
    = il a les cheveux longs
    a boy with long hair
    = un garçon aux cheveux longs
    a long-haired boy
    = un garçon aux cheveux longs
    the boy with long hair
    = le garçon aux cheveux longs
    her eyes are blue
    = elle a les yeux bleus
    she has blue eyes
    = elle a les yeux bleus
    she is blue-eyed
    = elle a les yeux bleus
    the girl with blue eyes
    = la fille aux yeux bleus
    a blue-eyed girl
    = une fille aux yeux bleus
    his nose is red
    = il a le nez rouge
    he has a red nose
    = il a le nez rouge
    a man with a red nose
    = un homme au nez rouge
    a red-nosed man
    = un homme au nez rouge
    When referring to a temporary state, the following phrases are useful:
    his leg is broken
    = il a la jambe cassée
    the man with the broken leg
    = l’homme à la jambe cassée
    but note
    a man with a broken leg
    = un homme avec une jambe cassée

    Big English-French dictionary > The human body

  • 5 the

    ðə, ði
    (The form ðə is used before words beginning with a consonant eg the house or consonant sound eg the union ðə'ju:njən; the form ði is used before words beginning with a vowel eg the apple or vowel sound eg the honour ði 'onə) el, la, los, las
    1) (used to refer to a person, thing etc mentioned previously, described in a following phrase, or already known: Where is the book I put on the table?; Who was the man you were talking to?; My mug is the tall blue one; Switch the light off!)
    2) (used with a singular noun or an adjective to refer to all members of a group etc or to a general type of object, group of objects etc: The horse is running fast.; I spoke to him on the telephone; He plays the piano/violin very well.) el, la
    3) (used to refer to unique objects etc, especially in titles and names: the Duke of Edinburgh; the Atlantic (Ocean).) el, la
    4) (used after a preposition with words referring to a unit of quantity, time etc: In this job we are paid by the hour.) el, la, los, las
    5) (used with superlative adjectives and adverbs to denote a person, thing etc which is or shows more of something than any other: He is the kindest man I know; We like him (the) best of all.) el, la, los, las
    6) ((often with all) used with comparative adjectives to show that a person, thing etc is better, worse etc: He has had a week's holiday and looks (all) the better for it.) mucho
    •
    - the...
    the det el / la
    Tuesday the fifth of May martes, cinco de mayo
    tr[ðə] (Delante de una vocal se pronuncia tr[ðɪ]; con enfasis tr[ðiː])
    1 el, la (plural) los, las
    2 (per) por
    3 (emphasis) el, la, los, las
    ■ you're not the Paul Newman, are you? no serás el auténtico Paul Newman, ¿verdad?
    ■ the more you have, the more you want cuanto más se tiene, más se quiere
    ■ the less said, the better cuanto menos digas, mejor
    ■ the more the merrier cuantos más seamos, más nos divertiremos
    the [ðə,] before vowel sounds usu [ði:] adv
    the sooner the better: cuanto más pronto, mejor
    she likes this one the best: éste es el que más le gusta
    the more I learn, the less I understand: cuanto más aprendo, menos entiendo
    the art
    : el, la, los, las
    the gloves: los guantes
    the suitcase: la maleta
    forty cookies to the box: cuarenta galletas por caja
    n.
    • Roma s.f.
    adv.
    • cuánto adv.
    art.
    • el art.
    • la art.
    • las art.
    • lo art.
    • los art.
    art.def.
    • la art.def.

    I before vowel ði, ðɪ; before consonant ðə, strong form ðiː
    1) (sing) el, la; (pl) los, las
    2) (emphatic use)

    do you mean the Dr Black? — ¿te refieres al famoso Dr Black?

    it's the novel to read just now — en este momento, es la novela que hay que leer

    3)
    b) (in abstractions, generalizations) (+ sing vb)

    the possible/sublime — lo posible/sublime

    the young/old — los jóvenes/viejos

    4) ( per) por
    5) ( used instead of possessive pron) (colloq) (sing) el, la; (pl) los, las

    how's the family? — ¿qué tal la familia? (fam)


    II before vowel ði; before consonant ðə
    adverb (+ comp)
    a) (as conj) cuanto

    the more you have, the more you want — cuanto más tienes, más quieres

    the sooner, the better — cuanto antes, mejor


    ••
    Cultural note:
    En Estados Unidos, el sueño americano es la creencia que cualquier persona que trabaje duro puede alcanzar el éxito económico o social. Para los inmigrantes y las minorías, este sueño también incluye libertad e igualdad de derechos
    (strong form) [ðiː] (weak form) [ˌðǝ]
    1. DEF ART
    1) (singular) el/la; (plural) los/las

    do you know the Smiths? — ¿conoce a los Smith?

    how's the leg? — ¿cómo va la pierna?

    • all the... — todo el.../toda la..., todos los.../todas las...

    • I'll meet you at the bank/station — quedamos en el banco/la estación

    • the cheek of it! — ¡qué frescura!

    • he's the man for the job — es el más indicado para el puesto

    • from the — del/de la, de los/las

    it's ten miles from the house/village — está a diez millas de la casa/del pueblo

    • I haven't the money — no tengo dinero

    • of the — del/de la, de los/las

    • oh, the pain! — ¡ay qué dolor!

    • he hasn't the sense to understand — no tiene bastante inteligencia para comprender

    • I haven't the time — no tengo tiempo

    • to the — al/a la, a los/las

    2) (+ adjective)
    a) (denoting plural) los(-las)
    3) (+ noun) (denoting whole class) el(-la)

    to play the piano/flute — tocar el piano/la flauta

    in this age of the computer... — en esta época del ordenador...

    4) (+ comparative) el(-la)

    • eggs are usually sold by the dozen — los huevos se venden normalmente por docena

    • 25 miles to the gallon — 25 millas por galón

    you don't mean the professor Bloggs? — ¿quieres decir el profesor Bloggs del que tanto se habla?

    2.
    ADV

    • she looks all the better for it — se la ve mucho mejor por eso

    • the more he works the more he earns — cuanto más trabaja más gana

    (all) the more so because... — tanto más cuanto que...

    the more... the less — mientras más... menos...

    • the sooner the better — cuanto antes mejor

    * * *

    I before vowel [ði, ðɪ]; before consonant [ðə], strong form [ðiː]
    1) (sing) el, la; (pl) los, las
    2) (emphatic use)

    do you mean the Dr Black? — ¿te refieres al famoso Dr Black?

    it's the novel to read just now — en este momento, es la novela que hay que leer

    3)
    b) (in abstractions, generalizations) (+ sing vb)

    the possible/sublime — lo posible/sublime

    the young/old — los jóvenes/viejos

    4) ( per) por
    5) ( used instead of possessive pron) (colloq) (sing) el, la; (pl) los, las

    how's the family? — ¿qué tal la familia? (fam)


    II before vowel [ði]; before consonant [ðə]
    adverb (+ comp)
    a) (as conj) cuanto

    the more you have, the more you want — cuanto más tienes, más quieres

    the sooner, the better — cuanto antes, mejor


    ••
    Cultural note:
    En Estados Unidos, el sueño americano es la creencia que cualquier persona que trabaje duro puede alcanzar el éxito económico o social. Para los inmigrantes y las minorías, este sueño también incluye libertad e igualdad de derechos

    English-spanish dictionary > the

  • 6 The months of the year

    Don’t use capitals for the names of the months in French, and note that there are no common abbreviations in French as there are in English (Jan, Feb and so on). The French only abbreviate in printed calendars etc.
    January = janvier
    February = février
    March = mars
    April = avril
    May = mai
    June = juin
    July = juillet
    August = août
    September = septembre
    October = octobre
    November = novembre
    December = décembre
    Which month?
    (May in this note stands for any month ; they all work the same way ; for more information on dates in French ⇒ Date.)
    what month is it?
    = quel mois sommes-nous? or (very informally) on est quel mois?
    it was May
    = nous étions en mai
    what month was he born?
    = de quel mois est-il?
    When?
    in May
    = en mai or au mois de mai
    they’re getting married this May
    = ils se marient en mai
    that May
    = cette année-là en mai
    next May
    = en mai prochain
    in May next year
    = l’an prochain en mai
    last May
    = l’année dernière en mai
    the May after next
    = dans deux ans en mai
    the May before last
    = il y deux ans en mai
    Which part of the month?
    at the beginning of May
    = au début de mai
    in early May
    = début mai
    at the end of May
    = à la fin de mai
    in late May
    = fin mai
    in mid-May
    = à la mi-mai
    for the whole of May
    = pendant tout le mois de mai
    throughout May
    = tout au long du mois de mai
    Regular events
    every May
    = tous les ans en mai
    every other May
    = tous les deux ans en mai
    most Mays
    = presque tous les ans en mai
    Uses with other nouns
    one May morning
    = par un matin de mai
    one May night
    = par une nuit de mai or (if evening) par un soir de mai
    For other uses, it is always safe to use du mois de:
    May classes
    = les cours du mois de mai
    May flights
    = les vols du mois de mai
    the May sales
    = les soldes du mois de mai
    Uses with adjectives
    the warmest May
    = le mois de mai le plus chaud
    a rainy May
    = un mois de mai pluvieux
    a lovely May
    = un beau mois de mai

    Big English-French dictionary > The months of the year

  • 7 Note

    v. trans.
    P. and V. νοῦν ἔχειν πρός (acc. or dat.), ἐπισκοπεῖν, ἐννοεῖν (or mid.), νοεῖν (or mid.), Ar. and P. προσέχειν (dat.), προσέχειν τὸν νοῦν (dat.), absol., P. and V. ἐνδέχεσθαι; see notice, look at.
    Note down: Ar. and P. συγγράφειν.
    ——————
    subs.
    Reputation: P. and V. δόξα, ἡ, ἀξίωμα, τό.
    Of note: use noted, adj.
    Worthy of note: see Noteworthy.
    Attention: P. and V. ἐπιστροφή, ἡ.
    Take note of: see note, v.
    Letter: P. and V. ἐπιστολή, ἡ, or pl., γράμματα, τά, γραφή, ἡ, or pl.
    Memorandum: P. ὑπόμνημα, τό.
    I had notes taken ( of the words) as soon as ever I reached home: P. ἐγραψάμην μὲν τότʼ εὐθὺς οἴκαδʼ ἐλθὼν ὑπομνήματα (Plat., Theaet. 142D).
    In music: Ar. and P. τόνος, ὁ.
    Strike a jarring note, v., met.: P. πλημμελεῖν.

    Woodhouse English-Greek dictionary. A vocabulary of the Attic language > Note

  • 8 THE

    i. – In Quenya, the definite article is generally used as in English. However, notice that it is not used before plural words denoting an entire people or race, such as Valar, Quendi, Noldor, Sindar, Eldar, Ainur, Fírimar etc. This is evident from examples like lambë Eldaron "the language of the Eldar [lit. simply "Eldar"]", Valar valuvar "the will of the Valar [lit. simply "Valar"] will be done". Cf. Tolkien's use of "Men" with no article, meaning the entire human race or humans in general, while "the Men" would be a group of individuals. Anar "the Sun" and Isil "the Moon" are probably treated like proper names in Quenya; they do not take the article. When a noun is determined by a following genitive, it is evidently optional whether it takes the article or not: mannar Valion "into the hands [lit. simply "hands"] of the Lords", Indis i Ciryamo "The Mariner's Wife, *The Wife [lit. simply "Wife"] of the Mariner" – but contrast I Equessi Rúmilo "the Sayings of Rúmil", i arani Eldaron "the Kings of the Eldar". If the genitive precedes the noun it connects with, the article must probably be left out in all cases, as in English (*Eldaron arani, ?Eldaron i arani). Note: i is also the relative pronoun "who, that" and the conjunction “that”; see THAT \#3 and \#4. –I, WJ:404, 368, FS, UT:8, WJ:398, 369

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (English-Quenya) > THE

  • 9 the

    [English Word] the
    [Swahili Word] -le
    [Part of Speech] pronoun
    [English Example] the person; the children; the tree; the rivers; the car; the oranges; the book; the chairs; the website; the airplanes; the clan
    [Swahili Example] mtu yule; watoto wale; mti ule; mito ile; gari lile; machungwa yale; kitabu kile; viti vile; tovuti ile; ndege zile; ukoo ule
    [Note] Swahili does NOT use articles "the" and "a" in most circumstances. http://research.yale.edu/swahili/learn/?q=en/definite_and_indefinite_articles We recommend that you click here for a detailed explanation
    ------------------------------------------------------------

    English-Swahili dictionary > the

  • 10 Usage note : do

    The direct French equivalent of the verb to do in subject + to do + object sentences is faire:
    she’s doing her homework
    = elle fait ses devoirs
    what are you doing?
    = qu’est-ce que tu fais?
    what has he done with the newspaper?
    = qu’est-ce qu’il a fait du journal?
    faire functions in very much the same way as to do does in English and it is safe to assume it will work in the great majority of cases. For the conjugation of the verb faire, see the French verb tables.
    Grammatical functions
    In questions
    In French there is no use of an auxiliary verb in questions equivalent to the use of do in English.
    When the subject is a pronoun, the question is formed in French either by inverting the subject and verb and putting a hyphen between the two ( veux-tu?) or by prefacing the subject + verb by est-ce que (literally is it that):
    do you like Mozart?
    = aimes-tu Mozart? or est-ce que tu aimes Mozart?
    did you put the glasses in the cupboard?
    = as-tu mis les verres dans le placard? or est-ce que tu as mis les verres dans le placard?
    When the subject is a noun there are again two possibilities:
    did your sister ring?
    = est-ce que ta sœur a téléphoné? or ta sœur a-t-elle téléphoné?
    did Max find his keys?
    = est-ce que Max a trouvé ses clés? or Max a-t-il trouvé ses clés?
    In negatives
    Equally, auxiliaries are not used in negatives in French:
    I don’t like Mozart
    = je n’aime pas Mozart
    you didn’t feed the cat
    = tu n’as pas donné à manger au chat
    don’t do that!
    = ne fais pas ça!
    In emphatic uses
    There is no verbal equivalent for the use of do in such expressions as I DO like your dress. A French speaker will find another way, according to the context, of expressing the force of the English do. Here are a few useful examples:
    I DO like your dress
    = j’aime beaucoup ta robe
    I DO hope she remembers
    = j’espère qu’elle n’oubliera pas
    I DO think you should see a doctor
    = je crois vraiment que tu devrais voir un médecin
    When referring back to another verb
    In this case the verb to do is not translated at all:
    I don’t like him any more than you do
    = je ne l’aime pas plus que toi
    I live in Oxford and so does Lily
    = j’habite à Oxford et Lily aussi
    she gets paid more than I do
    = elle est payée plus que moi
    I haven’t written as much as I ought to have done
    = je n’ai pas écrit autant que j’aurais dû
    ‘I love strawberries’ ‘so do I’
    = ‘j’adore les fraises’ ‘moi aussi’
    In polite requests
    In polite requests the phrase je vous en prie can often be used to render the meaning of do:
    do sit down
    = asseyez-vous, je vous en prie
    do have a piece of cake
    = prenez un morceau de gâteau, je vous en prie
    ‘may I take a peach?’ ‘yes, do’
    = ‘puis-je prendre une pêche?’ ‘je vous en prie’
    In imperatives
    In French there is no use of an auxiliary verb in imperatives:
    don’t shut the door
    = ne ferme pas la porte
    don’t tell her anything
    = ne lui dis rien
    do be quiet!
    = tais-toi!
    In tag questions
    French has no direct equivalent of tag questions like doesn’t he? or didn’t it? There is a general tag question n’est-ce pas? (literally isn’t it so?) which will work in many cases:
    you like fish, don’t you?
    = tu aimes le poisson, n’est-ce pas?
    he lives in London, doesn’t he?
    = il habite à Londres, n’est-ce pas?
    However, n’est-ce pas can very rarely be used for positive tag questions and some other way will be found to express the meaning contained in the tag: par hasard can often be useful as a translation:
    Lola didn’t phone, did she?
    = Lola n’a pas téléphoné par hasard?
    Paul doesn’t work here, does he?
    = Paul ne travaille pas ici par hasard?
    In many cases the tag is not translated at all and the speaker’s intonation will convey what is implied:
    you didn’t tidy your room, did you? (i.e. you ought to have done)
    = tu n’as pas rangé ta chambre?
    In short answers
    Again, there is no direct French equivalent for short answers like yes I do, no he doesn’t etc. Where the answer yes is given to contradict a negative question or statement, the most useful translation is si:
    ‘Marion didn’t say that’ ‘yes she did’
    = ‘Marion n’a pas dit ça’ ‘si’
    ‘they don’t sell vegetables at the baker’s’ ‘yes they do’
    = ‘ils ne vendent pas les légumes à la boulangerie’ ‘si’
    In response to a standard enquiry the tag will not be translated:
    ‘do you like strawberries?’ ‘yes I do’
    = ‘aimez-vous les fraises?’ ‘oui ’
    For more examples and particular usages, see the entry do.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : do

  • 11 Usage note : your

    For a full note on the use of the vous and tu forms in French, see the entry you.
    In French, determiners agree in gender and number with the noun they qualify. So your, when addressing one person, is translated by votre, or more familiarly ton, + masculine singular noun ( votre chien or ton chien), by votre or ta + feminine singular noun ( votre maison or ta maison) and by vos or tes + plural noun ( vos enfants or tes enfants). Note that ton is used with a feminine noun beginnning with a vowel or mute ‘h’ ( ton adresse).
    When addressing more than one person, the translation is votre + singular noun and vos + plural noun. When your is stressed, à vous or à toi is added after the noun:
    your house
    = votre maison à vous
    When used impersonally to mean one’s, your is translated by son, sa or ses when you is translated by on:
    you buy your tickets at the door
    = on prend ses billets à l’entrée
    The translation after an impersonal verb in French is son, sa, ses:
    you have to buy your tickets at the door
    = il faut prendre ses billets à l’entrée
    Note, however, the following:
    sweets are bad for your teeth
    = les bonbons sont mauvais pour les dents
    your average student
    = l’étudiant moyen
    For your used with parts of the body ⇒ The human body.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : your

  • 12 Usage note : might

    Although usage shows that may and might are interchangeable in many contexts, might indicates a more remote possibility than may. French generally translates this element of possibility using peut-être with the appropriate verb tense:
    it might snow
    = il va peut-être neiger
    (It is also possible to translate this more formally using il se peut + subjunctive: il se peut qu’il neige). For particular examples see might1 1.
    It is possible to translate might differently depending on the nature of the context and the speaker’s point of view:
    he might not come
    = il risque de ne pas venir
    implies that this is not a desirable outcome for the speaker ;
    he might not come
    = il pourrait ne pas venir or il se peut qu’il ne vienne pas
    however, is neutral in tone. Where there is the idea of a possibility in the past which has not in fact occurred (see might1 2), French uses the past conditional of the verb (which is often pouvoir):
    it might have been serious (but wasn’t in fact)
    = ça aurait pu être grave
    This is also the case where something which could have taken place did not, thus causing annoyance:
    you might have said thanks!
    = tu aurais pu dire merci!
    (see might1 7).
    might, as the past tense of may, will automatically occur in instances of reported speech:
    he said you might be hurt
    = il a dit que tu serais peut-être blessé
    For more examples see the entry might1 and bear in mind the rules for the agreement of tenses.
    Where there is a choice between may and might in making requests, might is more formal and even rather dated. French uses inversion (je peux = puis-je?) in this context and puis-je me permettre de…? (= might I…?) is extremely formal.
    Might can be used to polite effect - to soften direct statements: you might imagine that…or to offer advice tactfully: it might be wise to…In both cases, French uses the conditional tense of the verb: on pourrait penser que… ; ce serait peut-être une bonne idée de… The use of well in phrases such as he might well be right etc. implies a greater degree of likelihood.
    For translations of might well, may well, see B2 in the entry well1.
    For translations of the phrase might as well ( we might as well go home), see well1 B2.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : might

  • 13 Usage note : be

    The direct French equivalent of the verb to be in subject + to be + predicate sentences is être:
    I am tired
    = je suis fatigué
    Caroline is French
    = Caroline est française
    the children are in the garden
    = les enfants sont dans le jardin
    It functions in very much the same way as to be does in English and it is safe to assume it will work as a translation in the great majority of cases.
    Note, however, that when you are specifying a person’s profession or trade, a/an is not translated:
    she’s a doctor
    = elle est médecin
    Claudie is still a student
    = Claudie est toujours étudiante
    This is true of any noun used in apposition when the subject is a person:
    he’s a widower
    = il est veuf
    But
    Lyons is a beautiful city
    = Lyon est une belle ville
    For more information or expressions involving professions and trades consult the usage note Shops, Trades and Professions.
    For the conjugation of the verb être see the French verb tables.
    Grammatical functions
    The passive
    être is used to form the passive in French just as to be is used in English. Note, however, that the past participle agrees in gender and number with the subject:
    the rabbit was killed by a fox
    = le lapin a été tué par un renard
    the window had been broken
    = la fenêtre avait été cassée
    their books will be sold
    = leurs livres seront vendus
    our doors have been repainted red
    = nos portes ont été repeintes en rouge
    In spoken language, French native speakers find the passive cumbersome and will avoid it where possible by using the impersonal on where a person or people are clearly involved : on a repeint nos portes en rouge.
    Progressive tenses
    In French the idea of something happening over a period of time cannot be expressed using the verb être in the way that to be is used as an auxiliary verb in English.
    The present
    French uses simply the present tense where English uses the progressive form with to be:
    I am working
    = je travaille
    Ben is reading a book
    = Ben lit un livre
    The future
    French also uses the present tense where English uses the progressive form with to be:
    we are going to London tomorrow
    = nous allons à Londres demain
    I’m (just) coming!
    = j’arrive!
    I’m (just) going!
    = j’y vais!
    The past
    To express the distinction between she read a newspaper and she was reading a newspaper French uses the perfect and the imperfect tenses: elle a lu un journal/elle lisait un journal:
    he wrote to his mother
    = il a écrit à sa mère
    he was writing to his mother
    = il écrivait à sa mère
    However, in order to accentuate the notion of describing an activity which went on over a period of time, the phrase être en train de (= to be in the process of) is often used:
    ‘what was he doing when you arrived?’
    ‘he was cooking the dinner’
    = ‘qu’est-ce qu’il faisait quand tu es arrivé?’ ‘il était en train de préparer le dîner’
    she was just finishing her essay when …
    = elle était juste en train de finir sa dissertation quand …
    The compound past
    Compound past tenses in the progressive form in English are generally translated by the imperfect in French:
    I’ve been looking for you
    = je te cherchais
    For progressive forms + for and since (I’ve been waiting for an hour, I had been waiting for an hour, I’ve been waiting since Monday etc.) see the entries for and since.
    Obligation
    When to be is used as an auxiliary verb with another verb in the infinitive ( to be to do) expressing obligation, a fixed arrangement or destiny, devoir is used:
    she’s to do it at once
    = elle doit le faire tout de suite
    what am I to do?
    = qu’est-ce que je dois faire?
    he was to arrive last Monday
    = il devait arriver lundi dernier
    she was never to see him again
    = elle ne devait plus le revoir.
    In tag questions
    French has no direct equivalent of tag questions like isn’t he? or wasn’t it? There is a general tag question n’est-ce pas? (literally isn’t it so?) which will work in many cases:
    their house is lovely, isn’t it?
    = leur maison est très belle, n’est-ce pas?
    he’s a doctor, isn’t he?
    = il est médecin, n’est-ce pas?
    it was a very good meal, wasn’t it?
    = c’était un très bon repas, n’est-ce pas?
    However, n’est-ce pas can very rarely be used for positive tag questions and some other way will be found to express the extra meaning contained in the tag: par hasard ( by any chance) can be very useful as a translation:
    ‘I can’t find my glasses’ ‘they’re not in the kitchen, are they?’
    = ‘je ne trouve pas mes lunettes’ ‘elles ne sont pas dans la cuisine, par hasard?’
    you haven’t seen Gaby, have you?
    = tu n’as pas vu Gaby, par hasard?
    In cases where an opinion is being sought, si? meaning more or less or is it? or was it? etc. can be useful:
    it’s not broken, is it?
    = ce n’est pas cassé, si?
    he wasn’t serious, was he?
    = il n’était pas sérieux, si?
    In many other cases the tag question is simply not translated at all and the speaker’s intonation will convey the implied question.
    In short answers
    Again, there is no direct equivalent for short answers like yes I am, no he’s not etc. Where the answer yes is given to contradict a negative question or statement, the most useful translation is si:
    ‘you’re not going out tonight’ ‘yes I am’
    = ‘tu ne sors pas ce soir’ ‘si’
    In reply to a standard enquiry the tag will not be translated:
    ‘are you a doctor?’ ‘yes I am’
    = ‘êtes-vous médecin?’ ‘oui’
    ‘was it raining?’ ‘yes it was’
    = ‘est-ce qu’il pleuvait?’ ‘oui’
    Probability
    For expressions of probability and supposition ( if I were you etc.) see the entry be.
    Other functions
    Expressing sensations and feelings
    In expressing physical and mental sensations, the verb used in French is avoir:
    to be cold
    = avoir froid
    to be hot
    = avoir chaud
    I’m cold
    = j’ai froid
    to be thirsty
    = avoir soif
    to be hungry
    = avoir faim
    to be ashamed
    = avoir honte
    my hands are cold
    = j’ai froid aux mains
    If, however, you are in doubt as to which verb to use in such expressions, you should consult the entry for the appropriate adjective.
    Discussing health and how people are
    In expressions of health and polite enquiries about how people are, aller is used:
    how are you?
    = comment allez-vous?
    ( more informally) comment vas-tu?
    are you well?
    = vous allez bien?
    how is your daughter?
    = comment va votre fille?
    my father is better today
    = mon père va mieux aujourd’hui
    Discussing weather and temperature
    In expressions of weather and temperature faire is generally used:
    it’s cold
    = il fait froid
    it’s windy
    = il fait du vent
    If in doubt, consult the appropriate adjective entry.
    Visiting somewhere
    When to be is used in the present perfect tense to mean go, visit etc., French will generally use the verbs venir, aller etc. rather than être:
    I’ve never been to Sweden
    = je ne suis jamais allé en Suède
    have you been to the Louvre?
    = est-ce que tu es déjà allé au Louvre?
    or est-ce que tu as déjà visité le Louvre?
    Paul has been to see us three times
    = Paul est venu nous voir trois fois
    Note too:
    has the postman been?
    = est-ce que le facteur est passé?
    For here is, here are, there is, there are see the entries here and there.
    The translation for an expression or idiom containing the verb to be will be found in the dictionary at the entry for another word in the expression: for to be in danger see danger, for it would be best to … see best etc.
    This dictionary contains usage notes on topics such as the clock, time units, age, weight measurement, days of the week, and shops, trades and professions, many of which include translations of particular uses of to be.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : be

  • 14 Usage note : you

    In English you is used to address everybody, whereas French has two forms: tu and vous. The usual word to use when you are speaking to anyone you do not know very well is vous. This is sometimes called the polite form and is used for the subject, object, indirect object and emphatic pronoun:
    would you like some coffee?
    = voulez-vous du café?
    can I help you?
    = est-ce que je peux vous aider?
    what can I do for you?
    = qu’est-ce que je peux faire pour vous?
    The more informal pronoun tu is used between close friends and family members, within groups of children and young people, by adults when talking to children and always when talking to animals ; tu is the subject form, the direct and indirect object form is te (t’ before a vowel) and the form for emphatic use or use after a preposition is toi:
    would you like some coffee?
    = veux-tu du café?
    can I help you?
    = est-ce que je peux t’aider?
    there’s a letter for you
    = il y a une lettre pour toi
    As a general rule, when talking to a French person use vous, wait to see how they address you and follow suit. It is safer to wait for the French person to suggest using tu. The suggestion will usually be phrased as on se tutoie? or on peut se tutoyer?
    Note that tu is only a singular pronoun and vous is the plural form of tu.
    Remember that in French the object and indirect object pronouns are always placed before the verb:
    she knows you
    = elle vous connaît or elle te connaît
    In compound tenses like the present perfect and the past perfect, the past participle agrees in number and gender with the direct object:
    I saw you on Saturday
    (to one male: polite form)
    = je vous ai vu samedi
    (to one female: polite form)
    = je vous ai vue samedi
    (to one male: informal form)
    = je t’ai vu samedi
    (to one female: informal form)
    = je t’ai vue samedi
    (to two or more people, male or mixed)
    = je vous ai vus samedi
    (to two or more females)
    = je vous ai vues samedi
    When you is used impersonally as the more informal form of one, it is translated by on for the subject form and by vous or te for the object form, depending on whether the comment is being made amongst friends or in a more formal context:
    you can do as you like here
    = on peut faire ce qu’on veut ici
    these mushrooms can make you ill
    = ces champignons peuvent vous rendre malade or ces champignons peuvent te rendre malade
    you could easily lose your bag here
    = on pourrait facilement perdre son sac ici
    Note that your used with on is translated by son/sa/ses according to the gender and number of the noun that follows.
    For verb forms with vous, tu and on see the French verb tables.
    For particular usages see the entry you.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : you

  • 15 Usage note : that

    In French, determiners agree in gender and number with the noun they precede ; that is translated by ce + masculine singular noun ( ce monsieur), cet + masculine singular noun beginning with a vowel or mute ‘h’ ( cet homme) and cette + feminine singular noun ( cette femme) ; those is translated by ces.
    Note, however, that the above translations are also used for the English this (plural these). So when it is necessary to insist on that as opposed to another or others of the same sort, the adverbial tag -là is added to the noun:
    I prefer THAT version
    = je préfère cette version-là
    For particular usages, see the entry that.
    As a pronoun meaning that one, those ones
    In French, pronouns reflect the gender and number of the noun they are referring to. So that is translated by celui-là for a masculine noun, celle-là for a feminine noun and those is translated by ceux-là for a masculine noun and celles-là for a feminine noun:
    I think I like that one (dress) best
    = je crois que je préfère celle-là
    For other uses of that, those as pronouns (e.g. who’s that?) and for adverbial use (e.g. that much, that many) there is no straightforward translation, so see the entry that for examples of usage.
    When used as a relative pronoun, that is translated by qui when it is the subject of the verb and by que when it is the object:
    the man that stole the car
    = l’homme qui a volé la voiture
    the film that I saw
    = le film que j’ai vu
    Remember that in the present perfect and past perfect tenses, the past participle will agree
    with the noun to which que as object refers:
    the apples that I bought
    = les pommes que j’ai achetées
    When that is used as a relative pronoun with a preposition, it is translated by lequel when standing for a masculine singular noun, by laquelle when standing for a feminine singular noun, by lesquels when standing for a masculine plural noun and by lesquelles when standing for a feminine plural noun:
    the chair that I was sitting on
    = la chaise sur laquelle j’étais assise
    the children that I bought the books for
    = les enfants pour lesquels j’ai acheté les livres
    Remember that in cases where the English preposition used would normally be translated by à in French (e.g. to, at), the translation of the whole (prep + rel pron) will be auquel, à laquelle, auxquels, auxquelles:
    the girls that I was talking to
    = les filles auxquelles je parlais
    Similarly, where the English preposition used would normally be translated by de in French (e.g. of, from), the translation of the whole (prep + rel pron) will be dont in all cases:
    the Frenchman that I received a letter from
    = le Français dont j’ai reçu une lettre
    When used as a conjunction, that can almost always be translated by que (qu’ before a vowel or mute ‘h’):
    she said that she would do it
    = elle a dit qu’elle le ferait
    In certain verbal constructions, que is followed by a subjunctive in French. If you are in doubt about the construction to use, consult the appropriate verb entry. For particular usages see the entry that.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : that

  • 16 CMR consignment note

    1. накладная КДПГ

     

    накладная КДПГ
    Юридический договорный документ, между грузоотправителем, перевозчиком и грузополучателем, который стандартизирует условия, определенные договором международной дорожной перевозки грузов, в частности, в отношении используемых документов и ответственности перевозчика в целях упрощения международных автодорожных перевозок и международной торговли. Для того чтобы использовать накладную КДПГ, по меньшей мере одна из стран, осуществляющих международную перевозку (страна отправления или назначения), должна быть Договаривающейся стороной Конвенции о договоре международной дорожной перевозки грузов (КДПГ). Для международных автодорожных перевозок этот документ должен содержать сведения, предписываемые Конвенцией КДПГ: дату отгрузки, наименование товара, подлежащего перевозке, имя и адрес перевозчика, наименование получателя, срок доставки, стоимость перевозки. Накладная подписывается перевозчиком и грузоотправителем. Накладная не является товарораспорядительным документом, не может быть индоссирована, груз выдается указанному в ней получателю
    [Упрощение процедур торговли: англо-русский глоссарий терминов (пересмотренное второе издание) НЬЮ-ЙОРК, ЖЕНЕВА, МОСКВА 2011 год]

    EN

    CMR consignment note
    Legal contractual document between a consignor, a road transport operator and a consignee, which standardizes the conditions governing the contract for international road transport, particularly with respect to documents to be used and the carrier’s liability with the aim of facilitating international road transport and international trade. To use the CMR note, at least one of the countries involved in the international transport (of origin or of destination) should be a contracting party to the CMR convention
    [Trade Facilitation Terms: An English - Russian Glossary (revised second edition) NEW YORK, GENEVA, MOSCOW 2148]

    Тематики

    EN

    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > CMR consignment note

  • 17 Usage note : may

    When may (or may have) is used with another verb in English to convey possibility, French will generally use the adverb peut-être ( perhaps) with the equivalent verb:
    it may rain
    = il pleuvra peut-être
    we may never know what happened
    = nous ne saurons peut-être jamais ce qui s’est passé
    he may have got lost
    = il s’est peut-être perdu
    Alternatively, and more formally, the construction il se peut que + subjunctive may be used: il se peut qu’il pleuve ; il se peut que nous ne sachions jamais. For particular usages, see 1 in the entry may1.
    peut-être is also used in French to convey concession:
    he may be slow but he’s not stupid
    = il est peut-être lent mais il n’est pas bête
    you may think I’m crazy but …
    = tu penses peut-être que je suis fou mais…
    When may is used to convey permission, the French equivalent is pouvoir:
    you may close the door
    = vous pouvez fermer la porte
    Note that the polite question may I…? is translated by puis-je…?:
    may I make a suggestion?
    = puis-je faire une suggestion?
    For particular usages, see 2 in the entry may1.
    When may is used in rather formal English to convey purpose in the construction in order that + may, the French equivalent is pour que + subjunctive:
    in order that he may know
    = pour qu’il sache
    When may is used with another verb to express a wish, the French uses que + subjunctive:
    may they be happy!
    = qu’ils soient heureux!
    long may it last!
    = que ça dure!
    When may well + verb is used to convey likelihood, the French uses il est fort possible que + subjunctive:
    he may well have gone elsewhere
    = il est fort possible qu’il soit allé ailleurs
    But note:
    that may well be but…
    = c’est possible mais…
    In the phrase may as well, may is used interchangeably with might, which is more frequently used. For translations see the entry might1.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : may

  • 18 Usage note : let

    When let is used in English with another verb in order to make a suggestion (let’s do it at once), the first person plural - ons of the appropriate verb can generally be used to express this in French: faisons-le tout de suite. (Note that the verb alone translates let us do and no pronoun appears in French.)
    In the spoken language, however, which is the usual context for such suggestions, French speakers will use the much more colloquial on + present tense or si on + imperfect tense:
    let’s do it at once
    = on le fait tout de suite? or si on le faisait tout de suite?
    let’s go to the cinema tonight
    = si on allait au cinéma ce soir?
    let’s go!
    = allons-y! or on y va!
    These translations can also be used for negative suggestions:
    let’s not take or don’t let’s take the bus - let’s walk
    = on ne prend pas le bus, on y va à pied or ne prenons pas le bus, allons-y à pied
    For more examples and particular usages see A1 in the entry let1.
    When let is used in English with another verb to express defiance or a command (just let him try!) French uses the structure que + present subjunctive:
    just let him try!
    = qu’il essaie!
    don’t let me see you here again!
    = que je ne te revoie plus ici!
    For more examples and particular usages see A2 in the entry let1.
    When let is used to mean allow, it is generally translated by the verb laisser. For examples and particular usages see A3 in the entry let1.
    For translations of expressions such as let fly, let loose, let slip etc., consult the entry for the second word (fly, loose, slip etc.).

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : let

  • 19 Usage note : of

    In almost all its uses the preposition of is translated by de. Exceptions to this are substances ( made of gold), uses with a personal pronoun (that’s kind of you), proportions (some of us, of the 12 of us…) and time expressions ( of an evening). For translations of these, see the entry of. Remember that de + le always becomes du and that de + les always becomes des.
    To find translations for phrases beginning with of (of course, of all, of interest, of late, of old) you should consult the appropriate noun etc. entry (course, all, interest, late, old etc.).
    of also often appears as the second element of a verb (consist of, deprive of, die of, think of). For translations, consult the appropriate verb entry.
    of is used after certain nouns, pronouns and adjectives in English (a member of, a game of, some of, most of, afraid of, capable of, ashamed of). For translations, consult the appropriate noun, pronoun or adjective entry.
    When of it or of them are used for something already referred to, they are translated by en:
    there’s a lot of it
    = il y en a beaucoup
    there are several of them
    = il y en a plusieurs
    Note, however, the following expressions used when referring to people:
    there are six of them
    = ils sont six
    there were several of them
    = ils étaient plusieurs
    For particular usages see the entry of.
    This dictionary contains usage notes on such topics as Age, Capacity measurement, Dates, Illnesses, Length measurement, Quantities, Towns and cities, and Weight measurement, many of which use of.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : of

  • 20 Usage note : since

    In time expressions
    since is used in English after a verb in the present perfect or progressive present perfect tense to indicate when something that is still going on started. To express this French uses a verb in the present tense + depuis:
    I’ve been waiting since Saturday
    = j’attends depuis samedi
    I’ve lived in Rome since 1988
    = j’habite à Rome depuis 1988
    When since is used after a verb in the past perfect tense, French uses the imperfect + depuis:
    I had been waiting since nine o’clock
    = j’attendais depuis neuf heures
    In negative time expressions
    Again since is translated by depuis, but in negative sentences the verb tenses used in French are the same as those used in English:
    I haven’t seen him since Saturday
    = je ne l’ai pas vu depuis samedi
    I hadn’t seen him since 1978
    = je ne l’avais pas vu depuis 1978
    As a conjunction
    In time expressions
    When since is used as a conjunction, it is translated by depuis que and the tenses used in French parallel exactly those used with the preposition depuis (see above):
    since she’s been living in Oxford
    = depuis qu’elle habite à Oxford
    since he’d been in Paris
    = depuis qu’il était à Paris
    Note that in time expressions with since French native speakers will generally prefer to use a noun where possible when English uses a verb:
    I haven’t seen him since he left
    = je ne l’ai pas vu depuis son départ
    she’s been living in Nice since she got married
    = elle habite à Nice depuis son mariage
    For particular usages see the entry since.
    Meaning because
    When since is used to mean because, it is translated by comme or étant donné que:
    since she was ill, she couldn’t go
    = comme elle était malade or étant donné qu’elle était malade, elle ne pouvait pas y aller
    As an adverb
    When since is used as an adverb it is translated by depuis:
    he hasn’t been seen since
    = on ne l’a pas vu depuis
    For particular usages see C in the entry since.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : since

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